Challenges and Opportunities of Organizational Behavior

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 1. The creation of Q global village 2. Workforce diversity 3. Improving quality and productivity 4. Improving People skills 5. Management control to empowerment 6. Stability and flexibility 7. Improving ethical behavior. There are a lot of challenges and opportunities today for managers to use Organizational behavior concepts. The critical issues for which Organization behavior offers solutions are: 1. The creation of a global village The world has truly become global village. As multinational companies develop operations world wide, as workers chase job opportunities across national borders, managers have to become capable of working with people from different cultures. 2. Workforce†¦show more content†¦An employee is under an obligation to act what his boss says—right or wrong. He cannot suggest changes, ask questions or interpret things irrespective of their qualitative aspect. Management assumes that employees are passive and resistant to organizational needs. The y do not work at their own unless pushed to work and therefore they need right control to attain the organizational goals. Thinking is the management’s task and employees are simply to obey the orders. This is exactly theory ‘X’ popularized by McGregor as the conventional view of the management. Under this theory, the employees’ orientation is obedience to boss. They are fully dependent on their boss because he has power to ‘hire, fire and perspire’, them. Employees are always are offered minimum wages to provide subsistence needs for themselves and their families because workers give minimum performance. Some employees give higher performance because of their internal achievement drives or because they like their boss or because they think their boss an ‘inborn-leader’ or because of some other fortuitous reasons but except few all others give only minimum performance. The picture presented is an external one. It has all shadesâ⠂¬â€dark and light. This theory was current tell the beginning of the twentieth century. The main drawback of this model id the high human cost and power and authority are needed to get the work done. 2. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Interpersonal Skills On The Workplace1695 Words   |  7 Pagesand less stress. Another reason that interpersonal skills are important is because the added organizational behavior element can help promote and improve awareness the social responsibility of a company. 2. What is the definition of organizational behavior (OB)? Per the textbook, organizational behavior is â€Å"a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness†Read MoreAn Introduction to Organizational Behavior1638 Words   |  7 PagesAn Introduction to Organizational Behavior 1. 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It takes us step by step through the conceptual ideas of each chapter and how these concepts are applicable in the real world. The first chapter introduces us to the basics of organizational behavior and the challenges that individuals face in today’s competitive world. An organization is an integration of people, structure and technology to meet an objectiveRead MoreMy Voice : Management Of Change813 Words   |  4 Pagesprofit from the changes in the business environment on the part of the business firm(s). Organizational change implies planned alteration in the existing organizational system. It is made by organizing to achieve something desirable, e.g., profitability, employee satisfaction, social wellbeing etc. Organizational Change means alteration of structural relationships and the role of people in organizations. Organizational Change is a planned change because it is a conscious attempt to modify or change certainRead MorePersonality Profile Reflection Paper1743 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational behavior studies human behavior and the impact individual attitudes and actions have on perf ormance in the workplace. To provide a personal perspective of personality characteristics, the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) assessment was used to measure aspects of my personality and how these traits relate to working with others and life within an organization. Key observations provide specific insight into how these are applied to workplace behavior and interactions withRead MorePersonal Self Reflection Paper1734 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational behavior studies human behavior in organizational settings and the influence and impact individual behavior has on the workplace. 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Using Lewin’s method (B), functions (f), personality(P), motivators and the environmentRead MoreA Cultural Diversity Training Program1213 Words   |  5 Pagestraining program to encourage employee from different backgrounds to come together and learn each other s belief system which can enhance the organization s ability to problem-solve. To do this successfully an organization needs to create an organizational climate that promotes a learning organization. Which learning organization was first coined by Peter Senge (Kopp, 2014). According to Kopp (2014), Senge defined a learning organization as â€Å"an organization where peopl e continually expand their

Behavioral Intervention Strategies For Alcohol Abuse

Behavioral Intervention Strategies for Alcohol Abuse Andrew J. Leonard Midland University There is no doubt that college campuses are filled with alcohol and parties. Many students engage in alcohol consumption and some also use drugs. Although alcohol use is widely accepted in the college student population there are intervention plans attempting to limit alcohol consumption to protect students from the negative consequences associated with alcohol abuse. This is a compilation of a few different behavioral intervention strategies for reducing alcohol consumption in college age students. According to Dr. Amaro of the Institute on Urban Research at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts and Reed, Rowe, Picci, Mantella, and Prado, (2010), implementation of the â€Å"Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS)† can be linked to safer drinking practices among college students (2010). Two of the articles used for this research are about brief intervention strategies for college students. There was an interesting theory based int ervention strategy, whose goal was to reduce pre-drinking (Caudwell, Mullan, Hagger, 2016). Pre-drinking is the act of drinking before going to the planned event for the night. Electronic interventions were also a mentioned method. One case study utilized an alternative counseling protocol with a combination of a brief intervention strategy as well. Self-monitoring interventions are a useful way toShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Abuse Intervention Strategies For College Students1410 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Abuse Intervention Strategies Andrew J. Leonard Midland University Alcohol Abuse Intervention Strategies There is no doubt that college campuses are filled with alcohol. Many students engage in alcohol consumption and some also use drugs. 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Throughout the years, many researchers have designed many interventions and social policies designed to treat people who have used, abused, and became addicted to substances. Today, there are many new studies that address substance abuse at the individual, group, family, and community or policy levels. Today, there are many services that are effective for decreasing recidivism in youth who have completed a substance abuse program. A substance abuse treatment program or

Colonial English Literature free essay sample

COLONIALISM, POST-COLONIALISM POST-COLONIAL INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE ABSTRACT Colonialism is the building and maintaining of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. Colonialism normally refers to a period of history from the 15th to the 20th century when people from Europe established colonies on other continents. Collins English Dictionary defines colonialism as the policy of acquiring and maintaining colonies, especially for exploitation. The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy uses the term colonialism to describe the process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa and Asia. Post-colonialism Post-colonialism refers to a set of theories in philosophy and literature that grapple with the legacy of colonial rule. In this sense, postcolonial literature may be considered a branch of postmodern literature concerned with the political and cultural independence of peoples formerly subjugated in colonial empires. Edward Said, a founding figure in post-colonialism, was known best for his book Orientalism (1978). We will write a custom essay sample on Colonial English Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The book has been highly influential in postcolonial studies and presented his influential ideas on Orientalism, the Western study of Eastern cultures. Post-colonial literature sometimes called New English literature is a body of literary writings that reacts to the discourse of colonization. Post-colonial literature often involves writings that deal with issues of de-colonization or the political and cultural independence of people formerly subjugated to colonial rule. The term post-colonial literature has taken on many meanings. The three subjects include: 1. Social and cultural change or erosion 2. Misuse of power and exploitation 3. Colonial abandonment and alienation Post-colonial Indian English literature brings to light the erstwhile subjugated Indian pain and ethos through masterpiece works. The beginning of Indian literature in English, with relation to colonialism can be traced to the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th. It is a body of literary writings that thoroughly `opposes` to the preaching of colonisation. Post-colonial English literature in India works through the process of writing back, re-writing and re-reading. Salman Rushdie`s novel Midnight`s Children can be viewed as the quintessential fictional novel for illustrating the near overwhelming and implausible difficulties, innate in creating a national identity amongst a hugely heterogeneous post-colonial society. Bapsi Sidhwa echoes this very same theme in her novel the post-colonial Indian English literature and its unseen maturation Cracking India. Elite class of novelists and writers, that started to emerge, who forever had chalked out a plan to alter the map of post-colonial Indian English literature are Salman Rushdie, Vikram Seth, Amitav Ghosh, Shashi Tharoor who set the literature world on fire. The latest Indian writer who lifted up the world by a storm was Arundhati Roy, Rohinton Mistry, Firdaus Kanga, Kiran Desai, Sudhir, Ardeshir Vakil, and Jhumpa Lahiri are some other renowned writers of Indian origin, penning for post-colonial Indian English literature. The objective of this paper is to define the meaning of colonialism, post-colonialism and to highlight the prominent work of post-modern Indian English literature of eminent writers. | .

The real monster in Frankenstein Essay Example

The real monster in Frankenstein Paper In focusing upon the creatures first murder, the moment where he becomes truly demonic, Shelley encourages us to consider how our personalities are formed and what forces can transform a man into a monster. The next cruel act committed by the creature is to frame Justine with the childs murder. He is almost killing two birds with one stone here. This is another monstrous act of revenge emphasising the fact that the creature is the monster in this passage. Shelley seems to be suggesting that it is both the external forces that act upon us and the inner workings of the mind that turn men into monsters. At the end of the passage, the creature demands a companion, also created by Victor. This is what he has been waiting for since his creation. If Victor rejects this demand he will become a monster because, once again, he is denying the creature love and compassion in the form of a companion. But Victor does not want to create another creature like this one. He is in a lose-lose situation. If he creates another being, he will feel double the guilt; if he does not, the creature will continue to exact revenge. Later in the story, Victor starts to reconsider his decision to create a companion for the creature. We will write a custom essay sample on The real monster in Frankenstein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The real monster in Frankenstein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The real monster in Frankenstein specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He is considering the effects of having two superhuman beings in the world. He is indecisive until he sees the creature at the window of his workshop. He is reminded of the past actions of the creature. Victor, perceiving the creature to be spying on him, rips apart the second creation, almost in defiance. The creature is deeply unhappy about this, The Wretch saw me destroy the creature on whose future existence he depended for happiness. Victor is the monster here but when the creature returns later and says I shall be with you on your wedding night, We start to think of what the creature will do to Victor. The reader is now undecided about who the real monster is. The creature is the master of Victor but Victor is the only one who can give him a mate. The creature is powerful over Victor physically and can control his outer movements, but Victor is in control of his own mind and his conscience and he cant be forced to make a mate for the creature. Near the conclusion of the novel, Victor is sent to gaol following a wrongful arrest for the murder of Clerval. He is distraught when he finds Clervals body. He believes that he has caused the death and says Have my murderous machinations deprived you also, my dearest Henry, of life? Two I have already destroyed; other victims await their destiny: but you, Clerval, my friend, my benefactor This shows that Victor has now come to think of himself as a monster for creating a creature that had killed even his best friend. After serving some time in gaol, he is eventually released and decides to marry Elizabeth as soon as possible because he suspects that the creature is going to kill him on his wedding night and he is prepared for death. However, by marrying Elizabeth, he is really hastening her death unknowingly. He is anxious and apprehensive of what may happen soon, but he is so concerned about his own safety fears that he does not think about anyone elses. The negative side of his character has increased, selfishness has taken over and he bears no responsibility for Elizabeth. When Elizabeth dies at the hands of the creature, Victors thoughts turn to revenge. By killing the creature he hopes to put an end to the traumatic events. After Victor has finished his narration to Walton, Walton continued to write letters to his sister because he is filled with admiration for Victor. It appears to the reader that Walton is so desperate for a companion that he thinks favourably of Victor even if he were to be a murderer. This associates Walton with the creature in some ways. The previous passage fills the reader with sympathy for Victor. He has practically given up on life and the only purpose he has for living is to destroy the being to whom I gave existence. He feels that no man can be as close a friend as Clerval was to him and no woman can be like Elizabeth. Both of these important people have been removed by the creature. Can any man be to me as Clerval was; or any woman another Elizabeth? Victor believes that when he has killed the creature his Lot on earth will be fulfilled, and I may die. The creature is portrayed as a monster who has destroyed Victors very reason for living, but it may be argued that Victor created the being and so brought the misery on himself. The last passage in the book is very moving. Victor has died (through natural causes) and as Walton returns to his cabin to prepare him for his funeral, he discovers the creature bent over the cold body of Victor, in immense grief. The creature has come to hate himself for what he has put his creator through. That is also my victim! In his murder my crimes are consummated: the miserable series of my being is wound to its close! Oh, Frankenstein! Generous and self-devoted being! What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed thee by destroying all thou lovedst. Alas! He is cold, he cannot answer me. This shows the creature regretted his actions. The creature himself has realised how monstrous he has been to Frankenstein but it is not as much as the creature has had to endure in his short life. Overall, I believe that Victor is the real monster in this novel. He creates nearly all the suffering and misery in the story. He creates the creature which suffers because of disfigurement; he makes his family suffer misery by hardly ever acknowledging their constant support and love for him, and, probably most of all, he makes himself suffer huge amounts of misery through his unplanned actions. Also by usurping the powers of God, he is performing the biggest sin: trying to play God. Victors overwhelming ambition was to give life to something which was lifeless. By creating life by himself without the need of the involvement of a woman was against the laws of nature and could be seen as monstrous. This could only bring destruction and misery to everyone involved. Frankenstein pays dearly for this and, in some ways, gets his just reward by having all he ever loved taken away from him. The creature was not born evil. His actions were merely reactions to the way he was treated. Even his murder of Elizabeth was only a copy of Victors actions when destroying the mate he was making for the creature. Frankenstein had an overwhelming desire to be reknowned for a major achievement in medical science. This desire to satisfy his own ego grew into something which turned him into a monster. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one? Search for

6 Phone Interview Mistakes That Will Cost You the Job

6 Phone Interview Mistakes That Will Cost You the Job Phone interviews can be downright tricky. Whether you’ve had one before and it didn’t go well, or you’re just a worrywart by nature, here are 6 of the most common mistakes and how you can avoid them. 1. You’re obviously distractedYour interviewer can tell if you’re typing or scrolling through Facebook while you chat. Your interviewer can also hear whatever noise is going on around you. Find a quiet place with a reliable phone connection and then focus on the interview. If you get a phone call out of the blue, it’s okay- preferable even- to tell the interviewer that you’re not in an ideal place to talk and to reschedule.2. You’re not aware of who’s interviewing youYou have to know who you’re talking to and why. If you’re just having a quick chat with HR to verify your resume bullet points and contact information, it’s not the time to launch into your spiel for how you’ll singlehandedly save the company. And if you’re expecting that kind of call, but get your would-be boss or hiring manager instead, you need to be prepared. Make sure you know what to expect, to allow enough time and preparation.3. You’re not preparedThis is no different from a real interview in this respect. You need to do your homework. That means preparing a stock list of responses to possible hard-hitting questions, and be ready to impress. The more you can learn about the who and why of your interview, the better you’ll be able to target your preparations. Do be ready to explain who you are, why you care about the company, and to list a few highlights and accomplishments from your resume that will show them you can make it rain.4. You’re ramblingGood communications skills are crucial in a phone interview. The way you present yourself verbally here is your only tool toward making a good impression. That means keeping your answers clear, concise, and on the topic. That means no ‘um’s or ‘like’s or losing your train of thought in the middle of a run-on sentence. Make notes to yourself, even bulleted lists, and refer to them as often as you need (without reading from them by rote). Your interviewer will never know!5. You’re coming across as lacklusterYou might think it would be hard to communicate your energy and enthusiasm on the phone, rather than in person. And that’s partly true. You’ll want to make an extra effort to be effusive. Make sure to smile- studies show it actually makes a palpable difference in the way your voice sounds over the phone. Same with making gestures. Remember, be upbeat! You want this job!6. You’re not showing how much you want itYou know how much you want this gig. And you’re the only one who can make your interviewer know it. A great way to do this, beyond your upbeat demeanor, is to have intelligent questions prepared that show your genuine interest in the company and how serious you are about getting this position. It’s not a faux pas to say explicitly how much you value the opportunity to interview and how interested you are in moving forward. Just make sure to follow-up with a sincere thank you note.If you make sure to guard against the above mistakes, you’ll already be well placed to get the job, even over the phone.

Unit 5 Essay Example

Unit 5 Essay Example Unit 5 Paper Unit 5 Paper What is frost wedging ? Mechanical weathering occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rocks mineral composition What is frost wedging ? After many freeze-thaw cycles, the rock breaks into pieces by a process called frost wedging When water freezes, it volume _______. Its volume expands by about 9%, exerting a tremendous outward force. This force is great enough to burst water pipes during the winter Which of the following is NOT associated with mechanical weathering ? Reactions with oxygen What is chemical weathering ? Chemical weathering is the transformation of rock into one or more new compounds Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering ? a rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds The atmospheric gas forms a mild acid when dissolved in water is _______. Carbon dioxide what would cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over time ? Chemical weathering What climate does chemical weather favor the most ? Climates with high temperatures and abundant moisture What are the major components of soil ? a. mineral matter or broken down b. organic matter or humus, which is decayed remains of organisms c. water d. air A soils texture is determined by ______. you use categories of clay, silt, and sand in the soil The main source of organic matter in soil is _______. plants Use figure 5-1 to determine what soil is called if it has 20 percent clay, 60 percent silt, and 20 percent sand. Silty loam What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point B in figure 5-1 ? Clay 20%, silt 40%, sand 40% What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown ate point A in figure 5-1 ? Clay 60%, silt 20%, sand 20% What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point C in figure 5-1 ? Clay 10%, Silt 20%, sand 70% A soil associated with the hot and wet tropics is _______. laterite Pedalfer soils contains high amounts of _______. Iron oxide and aluminum- rich clays The process responsible for moving material downslope under the influence of gravity is called ________. Mass movement What is the force of gravity behind

Write and 150 words introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write and 150 words introduction - Essay Example With a history of 120 years, Fosters today is available in over 150 countries. Both companies have their unique organizational cultures and both have been very successful. For this takeover to be a success, it is important for SABMiller to identify the various features that are essential to facilitate the take over and design strategies to successfully facilitate the integration of the two companies. This report in the first part identifies and analyses the various facilitating features that needs attention of the management. The second part of the report suggests the various steps to be taken and strategies to be designed to successfully facilitate the integration. SABMiller plans to lead in the stable and profitable Australian beer industry through thorough knowledge of Foster’s and the Australian market and to improve Foster’s financial and operating performance. SABMiller will create value for shareholders, through making Foster’s an important part of its global business, whilst taking into account Foster’s strong heritage (Greenblat 2011). Some promised strategies, in which SABMiller has proven capabilities (Payne, 2011) include improvement to Foster’s weak, underperforming brands, restructuring business segments, saving costs, focusing on new profitable segments and bringing in global scale benefits (SABMiller.com, 2011). Running local brewing operations worldwide and understanding differences between the overseas and Australian Market would help the SABMiller-Foster’s integration. Additionally, SABMiller already owns and manages Foster’s brands in India and America (SABMiller.com, 2011), p roving the strategic fit between the companies. A location strategy advantage is created from SABMiller and Coca-Cola Amatil’s joint venture whereby it will be dissolved with SABMiller taking control of the NSW Central Coast brewery at Warnervale. This brewery will be converted to a Foster’s on-tap beer production brewery for NSW instead of

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW IN HEALTH CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW IN HEALTH CARE - Essay Example Due to continued swelling and pain, Arthur consulted another physician who finally diagnosed a fracture. Based on this, Arthur sued the hospital for negligence. The hospital requested the court to deliver summary judgment on the plea that physicians who treated Arthur were not employees of the hospital but they were working in the independent capacity as contractors. All reports, bills, x-rays and other documents provided to the Arthur carried the logo of the hospital and in no way, Arthur was informed that physicians with whom he was taking treatment were working as independent contractors in the Hospital. The court took judicial notice of the available common facts and took a stand that it was obvious on part of the patient/plaintiff to believe that all physicians were employees of the hospital while taking any treatment there. In Milton Bieber vs. Dr. Ash and St. Joseph Hospital case, Bieber filed a claim for physical damages against the doctor and hospital during his radiation treatment in the hospital. As a result, Dr. Ash filed a motion for summary judgment in the trial court and after the hearing the trial court granted summary judgment to Dr. Ashs motion. The trial court also granted hospital, on its motion, summary judgment. On this, Milton Bieber filed an appeal against these summary judgments in the Court of Appeal. The California Court of Appeal reversed one of the summary judgments that was granted in favor of the hospital; however, affirmed the other one in favor of Dr. Ash. The court took this view because Bieber was perfectly in good health after his surgery but it was the radiation treatment that caused him injury. According to the court, the hospitals motion could not shift burden to Milton as he alleged for the negligence on hospital while taking radiation therapy there (The Free Library,

Educational Achievement Essay Example for Free

Educational Achievement Essay Using material from Item A and elsewhere assess the view that social class differences in educational achievement are the result of school processes such as labelling. Social class background has a powerful influence on a childs chances of success in the educational system, a child is often labeled from the first year of school based on stereotyped assumptions about their class background, in the society there are significant social class, gender and ethnic inequalities of educational achievement. Differences in cultural and material circumstances operating outside the school environment and processes that take place between working class and middle class students within the schools themselves which involve negative and positive labeling. Some explanations of class differences in achievement focus on internal factors within school and the educational system. Interactionists have taken this approach further, they have examined the way in which labeling is linked to other processes within schools that result in class differences in achievement, these processes include the self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the polarization into anti and pro-school pupil subcultures as stated by Item A. The self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having being made, which leads to a student’s underachievement. If teachers have low expectations of certain children and communicate these expectations in their interaction, these children may develop a negative self-concept. They may come to see themselves as failures and give up trying, thereby fulfilling their original prophecy and leads to one’s underachievement. Studies show that self-fulfilling prophecy is particularly less likely to occur when children are streamed. Streaming involves separating children into different ability groups or classes called streams. Each ability group is taught separately from the other for all subjects. Howard Becker carried out an study and found that teachers judged pupils according to how closely they fitted an image of the ideal pupil, he found that teachers do not usually see working class children fit in that margin, they were often labelled as non-academic and ‘difficult’ they tend to see them as lacking ability and have low expectations of them. As a result working class children are more likely to find themselves put in a lower stream. Children in lower streams get the message that their teacher have written them of as no-hopers. Once a pupil is streamed it is much more difficult to move up into a higher stream. This creates a self-fulfilling prophecy in which a student lives up to their teachers low expectations. By contrast middle class students tend to benefit from streaming. They are likely to be based in higher streams, reflecting teachers view of them as the ideal pupil. As a result they develop a more positive self-concept, gain confidence, work harder and improve their grades. Item A mentions about David Gillborn and Deborah Youdell study that examined the role examined the role of educational policies in creating the context for such school processes to take place. Their study shows how schools use teachers’ notions of ability’ to decide which pupils have the potential to achieve five GCSE A*-C. They found that working class and black pupils are less likely to be perceived as having the potential, and are more likely to be placed in lover sets, and entered in lower GCSEs. This denies them the knowledge and opportunity needed to gain good grades and so widens the class gap between working class and the middle class in achievement. Some people argue that the A*-C economy produces educational triage. However, Gillborn and Youdell put the labelling and streaming process into a wider context, they also link the triage system to the marketization policies within the educational system, such as league tables. As a result to the way that pupils have been labelled and streamed, students’ often appear into pupil subcultures. A number of studies have shown how pupil subcultures might play a part in creating class differences in achievement. Colin Lacey’s study displays the concepts of differentiation and polarization to explain how pupil subcultures develop, He states that, differentiation is the process of teachers who categorise pupils according to how they perceive their ability attitude and behavior, differentiation is also a form of streaming, since it categorizes pupils into separate classes. Polarization, on the other hand is the process in which students respond by moving towards one of the two opposite poles’ or extremes. To conclude, there are many different situations that children/students have to undergo, may it have a positive or negative impact on them in the future. As different sociologists have come up with theories that prove these certain situations, I too believe that social class differences do have an impact on educational achievement, the reason being it could internally/emotionally cause damage that other people aren’t aware of. The way a teacher treats its pupil due to thei r different social class is very wrong, and it should never have to happen.

Is The Canadian Cable Television Industry a Natural Monopoly :: essays research papers

Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outline Preface  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page Preface  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outline  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Canadian Cable Television Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 II  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Details  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Model  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 III  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Externality Effect  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 III  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Comparison with Telephone Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 IV  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Table  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2003 Market Share of Canadian Cable Companies.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canadian Cable Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 2.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rogers Communications Incorporation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 2.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shaw Communications Incorporation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 2.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cogeco Cable Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marginal Private Benefit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marginal Private Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 3.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Demand Schedule of the market  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Figure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Title  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2003 Market Share of Canadian Cable Companies.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conventional Depiction of Natural Monopoly  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 2.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Measurement of Possibility of Natural Monopoly  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 2.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canadian Cable Television Indusry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 2.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rogers Communications Incorporations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 2.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shaw Communications Incorporation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 2.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cogeco Cable Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Externality Effect of Regulation of Cable Industry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. THE CANADIAN CABLE TELEVISION INDUSTRY It all started back in 1981 when Vidà ©otron Ltà ©e and La Presse introduce the first electronic newspaper via cable in Montreal. One year later, The Canadian Radio-television Commission licensed Canada's first pay services and 58% of home televisions were connected to the cable television. The majority of industry members have formed an association the CCTA – Canadian Cable Televisions Association, to have a unified word when facing regulators, help promote the industry’s services. Table 1.1 and figure 1.1 show that CCTA have through its members a control over more than 70% of the Canadian cable services. Table 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Market Control (2003) ROGERS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30.30% SHAW   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27.20% COGECO   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.20% EASTLINK   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.20% ACCESS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00% MONARCH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.80% OTHER*   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26.40% TOTAL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100% *less than 50,000 customers each Figure 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2003 Market share of Canadian Cable Companies Since its inception, cable television service has been subject of substantial intervention on the part of regulators in Canada. The Cable television operators are licensed by a single federal regulatory authority, the CRTC. It classifies Licensed Service Areas (LSA) based partly on the current subscription level within the LSA and partly on the quality of broadcast reception available to the service provider. The issues to be addressed in this paper are the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Was the enforced monopoly provision of basic cable television justified? Chapter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Details 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. MODEL When a monopoly occurs because it is more efficient for one firm to serve an entire market than for two or more firms to do so, because of the sort of economies of scales available in that market. A common example is water distribution, in which the main cost is laying a network of pipes to deliver water. One firm can do the job at a lower average cost per customer than two firms with competing networks of pipes. Monopolies can arise unnaturally by a firm acquiring sole ownership of a resource that is essential to the production of a good or service, or by a government granting a firm the legal right to be the sole producer. Other unnatural monopolies occur when a firm is much more efficient than its rivals for reasons other than economies of scale.

Healthy Grief Essay

The Book of Job is a profound story about a man who was â€Å"perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil† (Job 1:1). Job was a man who had a loving family, prospered and was very wealthy. For whatever reason, Satan challenged God regarding Job. Satan told God that if everything were taken away from Job, he would surely curse God. It was a â€Å"bet† of sorts. So God gave Satan the power to destroy everything Job had with the exception of Job’s life. Satan took away Job’s possessions, family and health. Unbelievably, even after all his loss, Job still fell to the ground and worshipped God. Job 1:2-20) The trials and hardships that Job suffered were inconceivable, yet Job seemed to persevere and demonstrate resilience beyond what is human. What made the difference? Was it his faith? This paper will discuss the five stages of the Kubler-Ross grieving process. It will examine the successful example of Job’s own grieving process as it relates to the Baha’i faith. The Five stages of Kubler-Ross can be seen throughout the story of Job. According to Kubler-Ross (2013), the grieving process is comprised of five formal stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and finally acceptance. The first stage, denial, actually enables the person to initially endure an incredible loss. While it may seem counterintuitive, denial is actually a critical aspect of the healthy healing process. It is comparable to entering a stage of shock. The act of denial actually is a protective mechanism that helps a person cope with the overwhelming situations. (Kubler-Ross & Kessler 2013) One could interpret Job’s statement, â€Å"Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away†(Job 1:21) as a form of denial. Others may interpret it as his unwavering faith in God’s plan. Anger is the next stage, and is absolutely essential to the grieving process. Job is seen voicing his anger, â€Å"Therefore I will not restrain my mouth, I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul. † (Job 7:11) Pain is the emotion most closely related to and buried under anger. So, in essence, the pain drives anger and anger drives change. As it relates to the grieving process, anger instigates a form of strength and can provide the backbone and structure necessary to move on to the next stage. Kubler-Ross & Kessler 2013) Although Job voices his anger it isn’t directed to God but rather the situation. Bargaining in the third stage and is the stage of negotiating. In their mind, a person will remain in the past, and try anything to return to the way things were before. (Kubler-Ross & Kessler 2013) At first glance, it appears Job doesn’t ever go through the bargaining stage, he clearly expresses his sadness. He continues to praise and worship God in spite of the losses he is going through. However, one can observe how he clearly wishes he could return to the way things were before. He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength, who hath hardened himself against him, and hath prospered. † (Job 9:4) But his sorrow could certainly be seen as a type of bargaining with God to relieve his sorrow. The fourth stage is depression, the stage where one will experience feelings of emptiness and hopelessness. Some people worry that their feelings of despair will last forever. Yet this stage is part of the natural order of loss, and a critical component of the five stages. When someone is depressed they become withdrawn. They sometimes question whether or not they should go on themselves. The depression stage is part of the natural healing process and is a necessary step one must experience in order to heal. (Kubler-Ross & Kessler 2013) Job reveals his own deep depression he says, â€Å"My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle, and are spent without hope. â€Å"(Job 7:6) â€Å"Let that day perish wherein I was born, and the night in which it was said. † (Job 3:3) and continues to question why he survived birth and should probably never have been conceived. (Job 3:3-11). Job is feeling hopeless and is becoming depressed. He also feels his problems are ith no end in sight, and he is experiencing the thoughts of giving up. Acceptance of his trials is evident in Job 13: 15-16 â€Å"Through he slay me, yet will I trust in him, He also will be my salvation. † Job accepts that God is wise and puts his trust in him. This stage is about the acceptance of a new reality; people change, learn and develop empathy from their grief to move on. Acknowledging the pain and moving on doesn’t mean the past is forgotten, rather it enables the person to move forward with an open heart and a broader perspective. Job didn’t fully understand the purpose of his trials, but he accepted the omnipotence of his God. His faith sustained him just as faith sustains people today. Job’s faith is similar to that of the Baha’i faith. Those of the Baha’i faith believe that the body, mind, and spirit grow when they are tried by suffering. Trails or tests are viewed as a gift from God. Those who have these tests and persevere will have happiness while those who don’t are cowards. They are asked to turn to God and pray when enduring these tests and be thankful. Grief and sorrow do not come to us by chance, they are sent to us by the Divine Mercy for our own perfecting† (Baha’i International Community 2013). Job persevered and believed there was a reason to why God was putting him through these trials. Studies have shown that those who attend church, pray, and actively practice their faith actually suffer less depression and resolve their grief sooner than those with little or no faith at all. (Quick, 2012) Clearly, there appears to be a correlation between spiritual beliefs or faith, and the ability to handle stress and accept tragedies in a more positive way. Healthcare providers, counselors, and clergy have all recognized that having a faith to cling to or a greater belief in life after death can ease the grieving process. In conclusion, having a belief in a greater power and life after death can make dealing with loss much easier. When a person has something to cling to, it can make dealing with trauma or loss more manageable. If there was no belief in life after death or no belief in a greater power, life’s tragedies would be far more difficult to deal with. It’s actually healthy to cultivate a belief in something. Like Job, we will all experience some type of loss in our lives. Grief is a common thread to each and every person on the planet. Identifying the stages of grief, and having the resources and skills to cope with grief is crucial for handling grief in a healthy way. Everyone experiences the stages of grief. The difference seems to be faith. People who have a deep sense of faith are better equipped and more quickly navigate the stages of grief. As with Job, their faith allows them to go forward and successfully help others through the grieving process.

The Outsiders- Dally

Dallas â€Å"Dally† Winston: Social Clique: Greasers Age: 17 Status: Deceased * Reason- Provoked police to shoot him because he got a heater out. Abilities/ Strengths: Street smart, knows how to use a variety of different weapons like guns, blades, etc. Natural born leader; Strong personality; excellent fighter; stereotypical â€Å"bad boy†. Tougher, colder and meaner than rest of the greasers. His parents were very abusive of him Criminal Past:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The real character of the gang,† Dally was arrested his first time at the age of ten.He spent three years on the â€Å"wild side† of New York and likes to blow off steam in gang fights. He is the most dangerous member of the bunch, but he is still a part of their greaser â€Å"family. Enjoys breaking laws. Known for robbing a lot of stores. Personality Traits: Dallas Winston is seen to be cruel, hardened, and usually lacking concern for others. All of these observations are absolutely true. He is also ru de, unrefined, angry, and typically selfish. He often finds amusement at the expense of others, and is hideously impolite to most everyone, especially girls that he doesn't know.Typically, he finds himself quite indifferent with the opinions of others. Dally has no respect for anyone, especially adults and officials of the law. High school Dropout. Gets angry easily and is mentally unstable. He hardly ever lets any emotion other than anger show. Events: After the Johnny Cade killing a soc incident, it was informed that Dallas Winston helped Ponyboy Curtis and Johnny escape and send them to an abandoned church. He also gave them a gun and some money for buying groceries. This also adds up to Dallas crimes by hiding a criminal.Also known to be bugging to so girls earlier that night. He helped the other two kids on saving the children from the mysterious church fire and injured his arm badly; he was in a good condition compared with his buddy, Johnny. He later escaped the hospital by t hreatening a nurse with a very large blade in order to join a rumble. After watching Johnny Cade’s tragic death, it was learned that he went crazy and robbed another store. This prompted the police to arrive, and after witnessing the large gun that he had, he was shot down by the police. After examining the raits of Dallas Winston, we are pretty sure that Sabrina will make him less tough, mean and cruel with others. Sabrina will respect the law no matter what and will help others to respect it too. Even though Sabrina may not be that street smart, she is very book smart and may also teach Dallas some skills and manners. View on him after death: After reading Ponyboy Curtis award receiving English assignment, (which happened after all of this happened) we can now see that Dally was more than just a criminal. Dally was a misunderstood poor soul like many other gang members during the time.It wasn’t his fault that he was tough, the experiences that happened in his life ma de him that way. I am pretty sure that he wouldn’t like anyone else to be like that. We also learn that Dallas felt very protective of a fellow, deceased greaser, Johnny Cade. Johnny also admired Dallas a lot, and viewed him as a hero. Some people think that Johnny was all that mattered to Dally. In fact, Johnny's life is  so  valuable to him that he doesn't think he can live without Johnny. Pony deals with his grief over Johnny's death by pretending Johnny isn't dead, but Dally snaps goes on an all-out â€Å"suicide mission†.

Analysis Of Gold Coast Tourism And Sunshine Coast Tourism Essay Example

Analysis Of Gold Coast Tourism And Sunshine Coast Tourism Essay Example Analysis Of Gold Coast Tourism And Sunshine Coast Tourism Essay Analysis Of Gold Coast Tourism And Sunshine Coast Tourism Essay The rapid growing of touristry industries over the last few decennaries has seen the outgrowth of new tourer attractive force finishs and this has had rather a figure of important importances in assorted parts. For case, in Australia, there are assorted touristry attractive force finishs which have in the yesteryear spearheaded the economic growing of this state in the sense that they offer employment chances, pull foreign investing, consequence into the saving of the natural environment, and let communities to bask the use of their regional natural resources and conserve their heritage. However, there are discrepancies in the degrees of economic importance as is evident with Gold Coast Tourism and Sunshine Tourism which are both found in Queensland part. A comparing between these tourers attractive force finishs revealed that Gold Coast attracts legion visitants which make it to incur many disbursals as compared to Sunshine Coast. All the same, Sunshine Coast Tourism has gained a higher degree of economic importance in the Australian part as compared to the Gold Coast touristry. This study intends to offer a comparative analysis of these two Australian touristry industries and offer recommendations that would spearhead touristry growing in Queensland part. Comparative Analysis of Gold Coast Tourism and Sunshine Coast Tourism Introduction Tourism plays a really important function in the economic system of Australia where it contributed approximately 2.6 % to the Australian gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) and 4.5 % to the employment of this state in the financial 2009-2010. With approximately 46 % of the touristry outgo in Australia being spent in assorted regional countries, coastal touristry is deemed to be of considerable significance to Australia s many regional communities. Therefore, to set up the grade of touristry importance in Queensland, this study intends to gauge the economic importance of Gold Coast Tourism and Sunshine Coast Tourism across the Australia s touristry parts. The study will: Compare the value of each of these touristry industries to the local economic system, and Rank each of them with regard to their comparative importance to the local economic systems Composition of Australia s touristry parts Basically, Australia has eighty four touristry parts and each touristry part comprises of rather a figure of SLA ( statistical local countries ) as the Australian Bureau of Statistics defines in audience with district and province touristry organisations. Despite the handiness of assorted other touristry parts, this study yearns to carry on a comparative analysis between two of the Queensland Australia s touristry parts viz. the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. Queensland regional touristry industries seem non to be of equal size, touristry outgo, end product or even visitants Numberss ( Pambudi, 2009 ) . In fact, all these comparative factors can greatly change from a given part to another as will be discussed in the undermentioned subdivisions. Gold Coast Tourism Gold Coast has traditionally been celebrated by the vacation shapers because of its arresting natural environment and assorted semisynthetic attractive forces. The Gold Coast leisure assets presently seem to be the cardinal market drivers in the capital popularity with many corporate delegates seeking multidimensional concern event experiences. The impressive modern event and convention installations are simply the starting point for the Australia s Gold Coast. The professional and infrastructural support services in this tourers part are comparable to the other metropoliss in the universe. However, Gold Coast is regarded exceeding when the overall touristry experience is perceived ( Page A ; Connell, 2006 ) . For case, this touristry attractive force Centre offers concern integrating pristine coastline equivalent to 70 kilometres, 100,000 hectares of universally listed heritage rain forest ; more theme Parks when compared to anyplace in the southern hemisphere ; immense balls of pr ivate islands, over 600 coffeehouses and eating houses ; 800 adjustment locales every bit good as canals of about 500 kilometres, which are all found within 40 proceedingss drive from each other. In kernel, the dichotomy of the high tourer attractive forces and substructure which cater for both meeting and leisure sections have made Gold Coast to be considered as one of the most coveted Asia Pacific s resort finishs. Gold Coast Tourism towns and merchandises Gold Coast is unusually known for its wide beach, Burleigh Heads, Coolangatta, Main Beach, Southport, and Surfers Paradise. Basically, the wide beach offers rather of eating houses, coffeehouse and big shopping promenades. The wide beach besides has a beautiful flaxen beach that is backed by attractive Kurrawa Park which is well perfect for everybody. In fact, there are parklands and tracts where tourers can loosen up and roll every bit good as an low-cost kids s park coupled with digesting moving ridges for the surfboarding partisans ( Jones A ; Phillips, 2011 ) . More frequently, there are unrecorded amusements within the Parkss along with appealing art and trade markets where books, apparels, knickknack, trades, jewelry, and gifts are sold. However, cardinal to the Gold Coast Tourism success in the past old ages has been the sing friends and relations alongside the concern markets. Furthermore, holiday trial is deemed to stay the most dominant beginning for the parts domestic visitants. Over the last old ages, the vacation trials has significantly remained to be the predominating beginning of domestic tourer or visitants for the Queensland part with the degree of trial marginally increasing ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010a ) . Truly, touristry serves as the cardinal anchor to the Gold Coast City s life style, community, and economic system. From golf classs and international resorts to theme Parkss, this metropolis has attracted many touristry enterprisers worldwide to come and capitalise on the Australia s prima excitement ventures and sunny-days touristry finishs. Gold Coast Competitive Advantage and SWOT analysis The resort and hotel skyline of this celebrated breaker metropolis is really iconic. There exist adjustment which cater for all budgets get downing from mountain retreats and luxury resorts to bivouacing land and backpacker adjustment. Gold Coast huge touristry substructures are underpinned by matchless arrays of built and natural attractive forces. The pristine rain forest parts serve as the place to the wellness retreats, mountain trails, art galleries, trade stores and wine makers which await visitants seeking for a peaceable green agitate off from the metropolis s universe celebrated beaches normally found at the Gold Coast. This metropolis s touristry industry is widely supported by dedicated programmed events which exposes the touristry operators to ample concern chances. The events include blues on broadbeach, gustatory sensations of the Gold Coast, Gold Coast endurance contest, and the New Year eve jubilations ( Page A ; Connell, 2006 ) . Furthermore, Gold Coast is besides s een as a stylish finish for the concern tourers who recognize this coastal metropolis as a vibrant, safe, and friendly topographic point to partake in meetings and conferences. Harmonizing to Lee and Spisto ( 2001 ) , the strength of this touristry attractive force centre besides rely on the strategic location which allow it to use the metropolis s two comparative international airdromes that permits visitants entree into the metropolis via the Brisbane airdrome and Gold Coast airdrome. In fact, the Brisbane airdrome provides the riders a direct connexion to 39 domestic and 26 international finishs. With its diverse leisure and concern merchandises offerings, Gold Coast frequently attracts international and Australian visitants twelvemonth unit of ammunition thereby contradicting the seasonal troughs and extremums traditionally experienced by the seaside locations. The entrepreneurial investings civilization in this metropolis, sub tropical clime, community support for ideal touristry development together with the profile and size of the touristry industry set the Gold Coast Tourism to be in a less competitory operating environment. However, Gold Coast touristry is faced with failings such the deficit of cultural touristry experiences and merchandises ; over trust on all right conditions status experiences ; much concentration on the development of adjustment substructure every bit good as the misperception of the Gold Coast City as being excessively touristed, surfboarders Eden and merely belongs to surf and sun. Despite holding failings, there are legion chances in Gold Coast touristry ( Tourism Research Australia, 2010 ) . These include advanced and new touristry icons and merchandises ; nature based touristry in Gold Coast metropolis coastal and Hinterland parts ; niche market development ; advanced retail experiences ; stressing the links between Gold seashore life style and beach civilization every bit good as turning the international air services and leisure focused air hoses. Regardless of the robust domestic market, Gold Coast Tourism is threatened by the high volume and low output markets which consequences from urban conurbation, population growing and loss of the valued major events. There is every bit the absence of crisis and catastrophe direction touristry programs ; deficiency of inventive, universe category touristry substructure and merchandises ; safety and offense jobs alongside the planetary market competition in relation to the other touristry finishs both in abroad and in Australia ( Commonwealth of Australia, 2010 ) . The environmental debasement ensuing from the failure to efficaciously pull off the Gold Coast assets transporting capacity, besides posses important menaces to the available tourers attractive force finish. Sunshine Coast Tourism Merely as the name suggests, in Sunshine Coast, there are scintillating Waterss, elating positions, warm conditions and seductive sundowns which merely wait to welcome the tourers from Coolum, Noosa, and Caloundra along the coastal line to the enrapturing Montville, Mapleton, Mary Valley and Maleny all which are found on the backwoods. With some of the globally best beaches in add-on to the picturesque backwoods which is merely a few proceedingss off, this touristry attractive force finish offers of course reviewing sites that friends and households would likely long to see and bask. For illustration, being located about 100 kilometres north of Brisbane ; Sunshine Coast incorporates assorted beach side towns which extend to the Glass Mountains. Furthermore, this tourer attractive force finish offers a huge assortment of leisure and touristry merchandises which range from waterways and coastal beaches to national Parkss, quality eating houses, universe category resorts, scenic backwoo ds countries, and assorted other good reinforced tourers attractive forces. Sunshine Coast is found within the easy range of Brisbane which can be accessed through route or rail via the Bruce Highway ( Buckley, 2011 ) . Actually, the part supports the domestic airdrome at Maroochydore while Sunshine Coast airdrome hails the direct flights from Melbourne and Sydney. Sunshine Coast Competitive Advantage and SWOT analysis Sunshine Coast part is deemed to be amongst the quickly turning parts found in South East Queensland. This coastal part faces multifaceted challenges in serving the hereafter visitants and occupants demands peculiarly with respect to the basic substructure services and conveyance. Despite the fact that touristry is seen to be the largest current subscriber to the gross regional merchandise by about 16.4 % in Sunshine Coast part, investing in touristry related substructure alongside touristry merchandises has non been to the full utilised to run into the regional visitants future demands. However, in Australia, Sunshine Coastal part has a quickly spread outing touristry industry and population base which ideally provides domestic market for the offered touristry merchandises. This tourists part surfaced over the last few old ages from a really prevailing rural community to a immensely developed and urbanised part. All these occurred due to coastal countries increasing development which paved manner to the turning touristry industry. Furthermore, Sunshine Coast touristry is a celebrated leader in presenting diverse touristry experiences in a stylish, natural and friendly environment where the visitants can reconnect, loosen up and re-energize. The Sunshine Coast touristry attractive force finish has farther been recognized both globally and domestically for its sustainable development and direction of the assorted natural attractive forces and assets along with its moneymaking touristry ventures ( Jones A ; Phillips, 2011 ) . Finally, the effectual planning and policy coordination ; strong community support ; an incorporate cohesive industry and the consumer service civilization of the Sunshine Coast touristry has enabled this industry to present the visi ons long embraced by most touristry industries, and these organize the footing for its competitory advantage. Although Sunshine Coast Tourism offers beautiful touristry finish attractive forces and chances to all parties, the industry every bit has failings and menaces that revolve around its day-to-day operations. Basically, the strengths of this touristry appealing finish is seen in the series of proffered cultural activities such as the museums, historical topographic points, galleries in add-on to the quality and figure of surfing beaches, rivers, national Parkss, and the fashionable sub-tropical coastal finish. The increasing tenancy rate in the past six old ages for all types of adjustment coupled with fast entree to the island has vastly created an increased demand for the commercial adjustment every bit good as touristry merchandises and installations. However, this tourer finish point has legion failings including atomization of the conveyance services which emerge due to deficiency in incorporate conveyance webs ; deficiency of diversenesss in the proviso of adjustment options like the high terminal and low terminal adjustment options, and hapless signage ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010b ) . The eminent higher proportions of unoccupied private homes, deficiency of critical mass touristry attractive forces besides the closing of most tourist attractive force centres over the last old ages has significantly contributed to the overall failing of the Sunshine Coast touristry. Conversely, there are looming chances such as the placement of Sunshine Coast Tourism as a planetary caput in sustainable touristry ; the strong natural attractive forces which lend themselves to the merchandise development chances that consists of the experience based nature activities and attractive forces ; chances to put in the saving and protection of the natural attractive forces alongside the emanating chances to develop more conferences, events and run intoing locales that encompass possible cultural precincts. More touristry chances besides arise from the development of an mixture of adjustment options to accommodate and run into the single mark markets needs, and constructing up farther rhythm touristry substructure within the part to supply the linking webs like the rhythm waies, trails, trip terminal installations, and motorcycle lanes which link the activities centres to the tourers attractive force parts ( Tourism Research Australia, 2010 ) The high population growing rate coupled with possible environmental debasement seems to be some of emerging menaces that Sunshine Coast Tourism faces. However, this coastal touristry part besides lacks quality merchandises to adequately back up the beach and coastal lifestyle image. The lost impulse to develop committednesss on bettering the conveyance substructure and the competition from market challengers such as Gold Coast and assorted other rivals every bit turn out to be feasible beginnings of market and operational menaces for Sunshine Coast Tourism. Market cleavage and laterality Since Australia s local touristry industries are non of equal size, the figure of visitants, touristry outgo and end products tend to change significantly from one part to the other. However, in the full Queensland part, the Gold Coast is apparently one of the Australia s most lively touristry finishs. For case, in the financial 2010, the international and domestic touristry outgo totaled to $ 4.528 billion which could be slatted into $ 2.1 billion and $ 2.428 billion severally. In footings of economic importance, Gold Coast Tourism had a evaluation of 6.4 % when compared 6.7 % accorded to the Sunshine Coast Tourism ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009a ) . Further, the entire touristry outgo for Sunshine Coast was $ 2.458 billion despite holding a higher market evaluation in footings of economic importance of touristry in Queensland part. The entire end product for both of these coastal touristry finishs besides differed in the fiscal twelvemonth 2010 based on the fact that the sum recorded by Gold Coast Tourism about doubled that which was recorded by Sunshine Coast Tourism. In the financial 2010, Gold seashore had a basic monetary value entire end product equivalent to $ 51.870 billion whereas Sunshine Coast Tourism had $ 27.056 billion. Therefore, in footings of regional importance, Sunshine Coast is ranked figure 16, one point above the Gold Coast which is placed figure 18 whereas the outgo and end product evaluation saw Gold Coast Tourism ranked foremost in Queensland part. Furthermore, based on the domestic regional comparing for the twelvemonth ended December 2010, the entire figure of visitants in the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast were 3,396,000 and 2,604,000 severally. This gave rise to an one-year alteration in the figure of visitants of 6 % and -3 % for Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast in that fiscal twelvemon th ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009b ) . The vacation per centum for these touristry finishs were equal at 59 % while some discrepancies were witnessed in their concern projects whereby, Gold Coast had a concern advantage per centum of 9 % as compared to 6 % reported by Sunshine Coast. The figure of darks spent by the visitants besides significantly varied across this financial period where Gold Coast had a sum of 13,755,000 darks which brought about 1 % one-year alteration and -0.1nights change in comparing to Sunshine Coast 2010 one-year record of 10,186,000 darks which resulted into -12 % one-year alterations coupled with -0.4 darks alteration ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010c ) . Further differences were noticed in the degrees of length of stay and vacation trial per centums in which Gold Coast reported 4.1 and 59 % by the twelvemonth terminal 2010 whilst Sunshine Coast had 3.9 and 59 % in that order severally. Finally, the domestic regional comparing showed that Gold Coast accounted for 20 % of the entire per ce ntum portion of visitants to the Queensland while Sunshine Coast merely justified 16 % . At the international degrees, Gold Coast had an one-year alteration of 0 % in the figure visitants ; 5 % one-year alteration in the figure of darks and a holiday trial per centum equivalent to 78 % . On the other manus, Sunshine Coast had a 2 % one-year alteration in the figure of visitants ; 3 % one-year alteration in the figure of darks alongside a vacation trial per centum equivalent to 80 % . Nevertheless, in footings of international concern operations, Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast reported concern growing per centums of 5 % and 2 % while at the same realized 40 % and 14 % in the figure visitants per centum portion in Queensland. Annually, the estimated sum grosss for Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast are $ 1.2 billion and 0.9 billion ( Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010c ) . Recommendations and decisions While coastal touristry is perceived to significantly lend to the Australian economic system, the existent grade of touristry importance tends to change from one part to another. Basically, the degree of importance seems non to wholly depend on size of that peculiar regional touristry industry as has been witnessed in the instance of Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. In footings of the one-year concern operations, Gold Coast Tourism appears to be in the head in every undertaken activity as compared to the Sunshine Coast Tourism but they are all globally recognized touristry finish attractive force points. It is hence recommended that Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast touristry merchandises should avoid being excessively touristy by merely offering breaker and Sun experiences but the purpose should be to offer nature based experiences like rain forests, wildlife and beach experiences amidst leting for chances to run into the local characters, connect with the local communities every bit good as experience local cordial receptions.

Observation of American family essays

Observation of American family essays My family has never been one to do things small. All family gatherings and special events are done in large scale. We dont live close to each other so its always a huge deal when we do come together. Family is one of the things that I treasure the most in life. I have grown up believing that family comes first, and that my family loves me more than life itself. I have grown up with the smiles of my aunts and uncles, I have grown alongside the love of my grandparents and the cleverness of my cousins. My family is my world, they have a had a great deal in how I have grown up. The last family gathering that I can remember was on mothers day. Ive always enjoyed mothers day, and never gave a thought into it, but this time I sat in the living room with a pen and a pad and wrote everything that happened around me. I never realized that principles of anthropology applied to my family gatherings, but they did. Observing my family on mothers day made me realize that my family has their own beliefs on marriage rules, rules of residence, and they distinguish themselves according to their social class. The grown ups always liked to sit in the living room and talk, so I began to listen. They discussed my cousin Jennifer, and her engagement. They all seemed disappointed in it. She is 23 and still in college getting her masters in broadcasting. She announced her engagement three months ago and everyone was talking about it. Everyone disapproves her fianc. He is a black man, who is a mechanic and never has attended college. My family hates him. Its an unspoken rule that we must marry in our own culture. It makes it easier for my family to add to the family if that person shares our believes and customs. They want someone who they can relate with, someone who can blend into the family. They also, for vain reasons, want attractive people to add to the family. The wor...

Do a ban on assault rifles infringe on the second amendment Research Paper

Do a ban on assault rifles infringe on the second amendment - Research Paper Example So many people have died and children have not been spared either. Most of the victims may be lucky to be taken to the hospital, but in most cases, they die immediately. Now that the occurrence of tragedy after tragedy seems to be the new trend, this is now the most appropriate time to discuss the issue of gun use in America, more specifically, among the civilians. The recent ban on assault rifle by the president is encouraging and shows that perhaps things may soon turn out well. However, critics are now stating that the ban is likely to infringe on the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment Stipulates that people should have a right to bear arms which should not be infringed. According to Charles, the Second Amendment is a right that shall not be infringed (8). Charles indicates that most people interpret the statement as one that should not be changed and view it as a right (8). Years ago, in 1940s and 1950s, guns were deemed as a legal way of the elite protecting their families, or in a position to secure themselves from thieves and wanted criminals. However, today people depend on the police and the army for defense, raising the question as to whether people need these guns anymore. Why there should be a Ban on Rifles and other Guns A ban on the rifles would be helpful to the safety agencies when it comes to rooting out all the terror threats that civilians may receive on a domestic level. It would be easier to have the agencies getting this issue under control with the existence of a ban. This is because instead of the agencies worrying about how the assault rifle owners are likely to react or behave, they are likely to put more effort and save time while controlling the issue. In addition, the individual privacy of American would be on the increase as much as their security is likely to increase. Unwarranted searches in people’s homes and gun violence would decrease drastically. Contrary to what most civilians assume, the Second Amendment only app lies to active duty personnel who are in the militia (Alters 46). This therefore means that the proponents who usually argue that banning the assault rifles violates the rights as stipulated in the Second Amendment are wrong. There are also the critics who argue that laws controlling guns are only there as a restriction on the freedom of Americans. There are also those who argue out that such aggressive ban rules are likely to result to an increase of trade in the black market and therefore have a negative impact. These are some of the arguments that most critics present and have little weight on the main goal of maintaining the security of people and saving human lives. All guns, whether rifles or hand guns present clear problems to the society and this outweighs the issue of human freedom or the black market. When the right to life is threatened, the right to freedom can no longer be said to be effective. A person who is threatened with the possibility of crossing paths with a men tally ill person with a gun is likely to lose his or her right to live and therefore will not be in a position to enjoy freedom rights. There are laws that have been enacted over the years to regulate the use of firearms but do not seem to work (Alters 45). It is not shocking to know that assault rifles are involved in homicides as well since in most cases they can fire automatically. If there are laws controlling gun possession, then this means that safety agencies are twice likely to monitor the activity of civilians as compared to if the

Batch Distillation Column Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Batch Distillation Column - Assignment Example ., n, and more specifically, when i = 1 gives y1 =xo = xD The straight line in the middle is referred to as the rectifying section. It represents the linear relationship between the heavier component and the lighter component in the mixture. The step wise regions are illustrative of the number of the thermocouples present in the column. It is important to note that though the given column had four thermocouples, five are represented in the diagram. The fifth is the reboiler. While calculating, the number of trays is given as one less those that are shown in the graph. The trays offer equilibrating surfaces, allowing for the vapour and liquid phases of the components of the mixture to equilibrate. The feed line is also used in this process. When the feed is introduced at the fourth stage, it coincides with the operating lines. In the event that this does not happen, it becomes evident that the liquid being used as a feed is not saturated. This experiment exemplifies this scenario. In such a case, the McCabe-Thiele diagram becomes a simple line graph. The McCabe-Thiele diagram is usually used in calculating the number of stages that have been used in the procedure. This is usually necessary when the efficiency of the system needs to be improved. Liquid concentration samples taken at the end of the distillation period are used to work out various other functions that will be required for subsequent calculations. This process normally goes on until such a time that the compositions of obtained samples do not show any changes. This point is known as the steady state, and it is useful in analysis of how efficient the distillation has been. Near-pure samples are obtained by this

Strategic Position of McDonalds Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Position of McDonalds - Assignment Example The researcher states that McDonald's achieved a 27% revenue growth over the three years ending in 2007. The market success of any business largely depends on its product quality and service efficiency. It is clear that high-quality products can be designed, produced, and delivered only if high-quality people are employed. As Rioux and Bernthal point out, for any business like McDonald's offering customized services, efficiency in employee recruitment, selection, and retention is particularly vital to meet customer satisfaction and thereby promote market share growth. While analyzing McDonald’s recruitment and selection policy with reference to related practices such as training and development, staff turnover, and rewards and benefits, the policy seems strategic. To illustrate, the organization uses effective and extensive recruitment and training approaches to attract, identify, develop, and retain potential staff that would best suit McDonald’s long-term business int erests. McDonald's opened its first restaurant in the UK in 1974 and there were 1330 McDonald’s restaurants in the country by 2004. Like corporate giants like Walmart and Coca-Cola, McDonald's is also a world’s leading large-scale employer. As per records, in 2004, the company employed 43,491 people in its restaurants and they embraced 40,699 hourly paid workers, 2,292 managerial personnel, and 500 office staff. McDonald’s US franchisees employed further 25,000 people in 2004. Most of the McDonald’s employees are paid based on an hour-rate system and those employees are referred to as crew members.

College Student Stress Coping Essay Example for Free

College Student Stress Coping Essay College students facing academic, social, and other stresses such as finances and how to cope with them. The most common stress most college students face is the stress from the work load that is common in a higher education system. This is the major challenge, and you will be facing without the close guidance you may have previously enjoyed from a teacher or parent; Social stress seems to be more prominent with underclassmen leaving home and there support structure from home but can affect any college student. Most students find that the number one cause of stress for them is financially trying to juggle a full load, and work full time to support yourself and for other students pay for school. Academic stress seems to be what cause the biggest problem for most students. There are some things you can do if you would like to lower your stress level and make student life better. First thing you should do is get the right information from the very beginning. How many lectures, seminars or laboratory sessions are you supposed to be attending? With your assignments make sure you know exactly what you are being asked to do? How many words you’re expected to write and what the deadline is for handing it in. Also try to set up your own space for academic’s to make it easier to focus and concentrate, if you have a noisy roommate try to find a place in the library or even a local coffee shop to frequent. These suggestions will help lower your academics stress which will make life easier for the college student. Social stress for college students is something else that is very common especially in new college students. Most social stress comes from trying to fit it or even trying to create a new social network because in most case’s this is the first time away from home and away from your entire support structure and comfort zone. With social stress one of the most important things to remember is to try and stay involved in different activities at school and get involved with different organizations on campus to meet new people. When getting involved with the organization’s on campus you’ll meet new friends and become more socially outgoing which will help greatly with social stress. Reducing the amount of social stress in college students, will lead to a more enjoyable and positive experience. Financial stress tends to be to\he root of most students problems whether it’s from overspending, lack of proper guidance, peer pressure, inexperience or many other factors. As a result just about everyone is bogged down with large debts increasing day by day. As students many have tried different things to cut down expense but still no luck. There are many ways to help lift the financial stress for college students like taking federal or private loans, grants and scholarships, and working during the summer vacation. By taking federal or private loans you get to choose the best one that is suitable for your need, if you decide to go for a private one then do enough research to make sure you’re not at a loss and end up paying more instead of benefitting from it. Grants and scholarships are another great ideas because these will help lift the burden of some financial stress. When applying for grants and scholarships keep in mind these are offered free by federal organizations for the benefit of students. Make sure to take advantage of the situation but you have to prove worthy for these aids. Getting summer jobs will also help lift some of that financial stress because you can do it in your off time and not stress with studying or school work but catch up and save some money! The best ways for college students to cope with the stress of being away from home, social stress, and financial stress. Academic stress seems to be one of the most common among students. Most college students find that the added freedom of being away from the structure at home and the more difficult classes to be extremely stressful. Just remember try and create your own space for studying with a desk and a quiet place, if you have a noisy roommate find a nice place in the library or a nice local coffee shop to visit. Social stress also seems to be a major problem with college students. Trying to fit in and make new friends after leaving there comfort zone and support structure can be difficult. When starting at college try and get involved in activities to get you out and have a good time. Another great thing to do is get into some organizations to help meet new people and even become more outgoing to make the college experience more fun and less stress. Financial stress seems to be the biggest burden for college students trying to survive on your own and worrying about how you will pay for  school. Remember federal and private loans are a great way to lift stress off you but just do your research and find the one that will work best for your needs. Grants and scholarships are the best thing for most students because they are offered for free from federal organizations but you must prove yourself for these aids Summer jobs are great for students who want to make a little extra cash on the side and lift the stress and worry of college off their mind. B y following some of these tips you are sure to reduce some stress in your everyday college life.

Personal Selling Essay -- essays research papers

Index 1. The Organization: What it is and what itdoes 2. The Products and services marketed 3. The role of personal selling in the promotional mix 4. A description of the salesperson’s job 5. The selling process SRCC TRADING DEPARTMENT 1: The Organization: what it is and what it does The Trading Department is the preferred supplier of Agricultural Chemicals, Fertilizer, Packhouse and General Farming Requisites in the Sundays river Valley. Mission: The Trading Department supply and sell Agricultural Chemicals, Fertilizer, Packhouse Material and General Farming Requisites to Citrus Growers and Private Packhouses in the Sundays river Valley. A knowledge-able ,skilled, trained and motivated staff who are focus on excellent client-service by ensuring competitive prices on products, stock availability and technical advice . The objective of the Trading Department. The primary objective of the Trading Department is to assist the shareholders of the Company in maximizing the profits of their farming operations. The secondary objectives of the Trading Department are: †¢ Economic efficiency. †¢ Good Image. †¢ Maximum client support. †¢ Growth and development. In Conclusion: The management of the Trading Department must on a continuing and long term basis stay focused on providing farming requisites and in so doing assist in keeping production costs of the farming units as low as possible. The Trading Department must strive to achieve its secondary goals to make this possible. 2: The Products/Services marketed †¢ The long-term objectives of the Trading Department are dependent on determining the needs and wants of the citrus-growers, private pack houses and other target markets and satisfying these more effectively than our competitors . †¢ The Trading Department follows the relationship perspective on marketing - consumer retention, consumer loyalty and consumer service ( or service quality). †¢ Regular (every alternative month) memos and circulars will be posted to our customers to motivate and to restrict their ... ...cal support needs." The presentation is more about establishing a relationship—as a growing account .If there is no sale or order at the end of the presentation, at least leave knowing why not. Is there some reason why we can't take care of this right now?" Agreeing on the next step is as good as any order once the presentation is done. "Never leave without some kind of agreement as to where the customer-seller relationship is going [next appointment, calls to be made]," Also, knowing when to leave is important. "Once you ask for, and receive the order, it is appropriate to leave. Just say thank you and move on. You don't want to outlast your welcome." But sales managers and some salespeople haven't realized that the decision-making time has lengthened. "The customers don't want to make their decisions until they are absolutely sure. After the presentation, most salespeople just give up too soon. Manage the process of keeping in touch with the prospective customer. Because when they do decide to make a buy, and you happen to be off their radar, they'll go to the next person. Not managing your follow through is how sales are lost."

Marxism: Different Stages of History

Dialectic AnalysisThe basic premise of dialectical analysis is the theory in which society is treated as a historically evolving and systemically interrelated whole, has had a profound impact on political science, economics and sociology. This dialectical method, which seeks to uncover the full context of historically specific social interactions in any given system, is used by Marx as a tool for understanding class relationships under capitalism, and as a means for altering such structures fundamentally.   Uniting theory and practice, Marx declared in his ‘Theses on Feuerbach’:The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it’[1].Dialectical materialism is essentially characterized by the belief that history is the product of class struggle and obeys the general Hegelian principle of philosophy of history that is the development of the thesis into its antithesis.[2]Basic Premise of Materialistic TheoryThe materialist th eory of history starts from the proposition that human beings are creatures of need, and hence that the material side of human life, physical needs and economic action to satisfy them is primary and basic. Historians and social philosophers until then had focused on the actions of states and rulers only and had not considered   the importance of economic developments.According to Marx, every society is composed of certain forces of production (tools, machinery and labour to operate them) with which are associated particular social relations of production (property relations, division of labour). These together constitute the material `base' of society, upon which arises a `superstructure' of political and legal institutions, and ideological forms to include art, religion and philosophy. He further added:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social beings which determines their consciousness†[3].The development of productive forcesThe development of the human race from crude stone tools to the bow and arrow, and the subsequent improvement from the life of hunters to the domestication of animals and primitive pasturage; the transition from stone tools to metal tools resulting in a corresponding transition to tillage and agriculture; a further improvement in metal tools, the introduction of the blacksmith's bellows, the introduction of pottery, with a corresponding development of handicrafts, the separation of handicrafts from agriculture, the development of an independent handicraft industry and, subsequently, of manufacture; the transition from handicraft tools to machines and the transformation of handicraft and manufacture into machine industry; the transition to the machine system and the rise of modern large-scale machine industry   are all the characteristic stages of development   of the productive forces of society in the course of man's history.This development and improvement of the instruments of production had been effected by men who were related to production, and not independently of men; and, consequently, the change and development of the instruments of production was accompanied by a change and development of men, as the most important element of the productive forces, by a change and development of their production experience, their labor skill, their ability to handle the instruments of production. In conformity with the change and development of the productive forces of society in the course of history and   men's relations of production, their economic relations also changed and developed.Phases of Materialistic HistoryAt any given historical period the relations of production provide the social framework for economic development. The developing forces of production give rise to increasing conflict with the existing relations of production and these conflicts are reflected as class struggles. `From forms of development of the productive for ces these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an epoch of social revolution' in which social relations and `the entire immense superstructure' is transformed.[4]Accordingly, Marx concluded that all nations go through five economic stages: primitive, slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and socialism.Primitive PhaseThe basic tenet of production in the primitive phase of human history is that the means of production are community owned which is consistent with the character of the productive forces of that period. Primitive tools and weapons like stone tools and the bow and arrow had limited efficacy and lethality, a major factor which precluded the possibility of men individually combating the forces of nature and beasts of prey. In order to fulfill the routine activities like gathering fruits from the forest, catch fish or game, or to build any form of inhabitation, men were obliged to work in communities or groups to obviate the possibility of death due to starvation, or fall victims of beast of prey or be killed by rival groups.Community form of labour and work led to a community based consumption of the produced yield. At this stage the concept of individual ownership of the means of production did not yet exist, except for the personal ownership of certain implements of production which were at the same time means of defense against beasts of prey. Hence, there was neither exploitation, nor any class structure in place.Slave PhaseThe primitive phase was followed by the Slave Stage which is based on the theory that under this system, the slave-owner owns the means of production and the workers in the production chain. Such relations of production correspond to the state of the productive forces of that period. In this stage, the slave owner has all the rights over the slave- whom he can sell, purchase, or kill as though he were an animal. During the slave stage, the primitive stone tools and   Ã‚  primitive husbandry have been replaced by metal tool s and pasturage tillage respectively .The primitive man who till now was in the possession of the most basic tools   now possessed the means to conduct farming , handicrafts and tillage, and a division of labor between these branches of production. There appears the possibility of the exchange of products between individuals and between societies, of the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few, the actual accumulation of the means of production in the hands of a minority, and the possibility of subjugation of the majority by a minority and the conversion of the majority into slaves.At this stage, the common and free labor of all members of society in the production process is replaced by the forced labor of slaves, who are exploited by the non-laboring slave-owners. The main aspects of this stage is the appearance of the slave owner(the prime and principal property owner), the increasing existence of the rich and poor, exploiters and exploited, people with full rights and peo ple with no rights, and the beginning of a   fierce class struggle between them.Feudal StageThe basis of the relations of production under the feudal system is that the feudal lord owns the means of production and does not fully own the worker in production. This implies that the worker of the slave stage has progressed and he can no longer be owned, bought or sold by the slave owner. Alongside of feudal ownership there exists individual ownership by the peasant and the handicraftsman of his implements of production and his private enterprise based on his personal labor[5].Such relations of production correspond to the state of the productive forces of that period. Further improvements in the smelting and working of iron; the spread of the iron plow and the loom; the further development of agriculture, horticulture, viniculture and dairying; the appearance of manufactories alongside of the handicraft workshops; have all led to enhanced importance of the worker who is now a skilled artisan. The new productive forces demand that the laborer/worker/artisan shall display some kind of initiative and inclination in production and for work.The feudal lord therefore discards the slave, as a laborer who has no interest in work and is entirely without initiative, and prefers to deal with the serf (artisan), who has his own husbandry, implements of production, and a certain interest in work essential for the cultivation of the land and for the payment in kind of a part of his harvest to the feudal lord.In this stage, private ownership is further developed and the affects of exploitation is slightly mitigated. A class struggle between exploiters and exploited is the principal feature of the feudal system.Capitalist StageThe basis of the relations of production under the capitalist system is that the capitalist owns the means of production, but not the workers in production[6] – the wage laborers, whom the capitalist can neither kill nor sell because they are pers onally free, but who are deprived of means of production and in order not to die of hunger, are obliged to sell their labor power to the capitalist.Due to the rapid strides in the technological and the industrial aspects, there is an increased importance of the technologically intensive means of production like the factories, mills and the huge capitalist farms run on scientific lines and supplied with agricultural machinery. This rapid change in the means of production has an adverse impact on the workers.The private property of the peasants and handicraftsmen in the means of production being based on personal labor is rendered insignificant and they have to submit their labour to the owners of the means of production. The new productive forces require that the workers in production shall be better educated and more intelligent in comparison to the earlier workers, in the sense that they understand machinery and operate it properly. Therefore, the capitalists prefer to deal with wa ge-workers, who are free from the bonds of serfdom and who are educated enough to be able properly to operate machinery.Transition to CommunismThe division of society into classes gives rise to political, ethical, philosophical, and religious views of the world, views which express existing class relations and tend either to consolidate or to undermine the power and authority of the dominant class. Marx clarifies it further:â€Å"The ideas of the ruling class are, in every age, the ruling ideas: i.e., the class which is the dominant material force in society is at the same time its dominant intellectual force. The class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production.†[7]However, oppressed classes, although hampered by the ideological dominance of oppressors, generate counter-ideologies to combat them. In revolutionary or pre-Revolutionary periods it even happens that certain representatives of the d ominant class shift allegiance. New social relationships begin to develop within older social structures and result from contradictions and tensions within that structure at the same time as they exacerbate them.For example, new modes of production slowly emerged within late feudal society and allowed the bourgeoisie, which controlled these new modes of production, effectively to challenge the hold of the classes that had dominated the feudal order. As the bourgeois mode of production gained sufficient specific weight, it undermined the feudal relations in which it first made its appearance. â€Å"The economic structure of capitalist society has grown out of the economic structure of feudal society.The dissolution of the latter sets free the elements of the former.†[8] Similarly, the capitalist mode of production brings into being a proletarian class of factory workers. As these men acquire class consciousness, they discover their fundamental antagonism to the bourgeois class and band together to overthrow a regime to which they owe their existence. â€Å"The proletariat carries out the sentence which private property, by creating the proletariat, passes upon itself.†[9]  the process of industrialization concentrates working people in factories and cities, hence the working class develops from being an unorganized and unconscious mass through its struggle with the bourgeoisie to being an organized and conscious political force, a force which is ultimately destined to be the `gravedigger' of capitalism and to inaugurate a new mode of production: socialism[10]SocialismThe conquest of political power by the working class will lead to the creation of a socialist state in which the working class is the ruling class and which functions in the interests of the working class. In this way the `dictatorship of the proletariat' will replace the `dictatorship of the bourgeoisie'. Its main purpose is to abolish the private ownership of the means of producti on, and hence the social and economic basis of class divisions. As the   material basis of class divisions is dissolved, class differences will gradually disappear, and with them the need for the state as an instrument of class rule and as a distinct coercive force. In the higher stage of full communism, the state is destined ultimately to `wither away'[11], as Engels puts it, and `the government of people will be replaced by the administration of things'[12]ConclusionDuring the present century, history itself seems to have provided a remarkable confirmation of the main outlines of Marx's thought. At one stage in modern history, the prediction that capitalism is destined to be restricted to a particular and limited historical stage which will be superseded seemed to be justified by the succession of revolutions which removed a large part of the world from its grip. The collapse of the regimes of Soviet and Eastern European communism in 1989, however, has proved that Marxism is now dead and that its prediction of a historical stage beyond capitalism is an illusion. Nevertheless, it remains the most comprehensive and powerful theory for understanding and explaining the capitalist world.[1] Marx, Karl (1845) Theses on Feuerbach, in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Selected Works, New York: International Publishers, 1968, pp. 28–30.[2] Marx, The Poverty of Philosophy, [1847a], London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1955, chapter II [3] Marx, Karl A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy(1859),PP 389.                                                                            [4] Ibid 389-90[5] G.A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978,pp65                        [6] Ibid [7] Marx Karl, Selected Writings, ed. D. McLellan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977 [8] Ibid[9] Ibid [10]Marx and Engels The Communist Manifesto [1848], Selected Works, V olume 1, Moscow: : Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1962 [11] V.I. Lenin, State and Revolution, in Selected Works in Three Volumes, Volume 2, Moscow: Progress Publishers, revised edn 1975,10-14                                                                                                                                                                                  [12] Capital, 3 Volumes [1867, 1885, 1894], London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1961-71